Soldiers throughout history have relied on their feet, marching through mud, standing for hours. Fighting in all weather conditions put tremendous strain on their lower limbs. During World Wars I and II, foot health became a matter of military readiness and survival.
In recognition of VE Day, we’re looking at the most common foot conditions that plagued soldiers and how they were treated.
Trench Foot
A serious condition caused by prolonged exposure to wet, cold, and unsanitary environments. The feet would swell, go numb, and develop sores or even gangrene.
Early in WWI, treatment was limited and often ineffective. Later, prevention became the focus, soldiers were ordered to change socks regularly, apply whale oil or grease to their feet, and elevate them when possible. Medical officers conducted daily foot inspections.
Blisters and Friction Injuries
Marching long distances in rough boots caused constant friction, leading to painful blisters and abrasions. These could become infected if not managed properly.
Blisters were drained with sterilised needles, then wrapped in bandages or covered with zinc oxide tape. Soldiers were advised to toughen their feet with alcohol rubs or soakings before long marches.
Athlete’s Foot and Fungal Infections
Crowded conditions, damp socks, and poor hygiene made fungal infections rampant. Itchy, cracked skin was common in military camps.
Treatment included drying powders (often talcum or antifungal powders), vinegar soaks, and sunlight exposure when possible. Foot hygiene was emphasized once the cause was better understood.
Ingrowing Toenails
Poorly fitting boots and trauma to the toes often led to ingrown toenails, painful, swollen toes, prone to infection.
Field medics performed minor surgical removal using basic tools, antiseptics, and dressings. Soldiers were taught how to cut their toenails properly; straight across, not curved.
Collapsed Arches and Overuse Injuries
Without proper support, soldiers developed flat feet, shin splints, or stress injuries from the relentless strain.
Supportive insoles were issued later in WWII, and foot exercises were sometimes prescribed. Rest and elevation were the only real remedy available in most cases.